Stories, with questions

“The Cop and the Anthem”

O. Henry, 1904 · a homeless man in Madison Square tries to get arrested for the winter

The People’s Share · GED Reasoning Through Language Arts · reading fiction

Part 1

Before you read

Soapy is a homeless man who sleeps on a bench in Madison Square. It is late fall, and he can feel the winter coming. He decides to get himself arrested, so that a judge will send him to the jail on Blackwell’s Island for three months, where there is a bed and food. Getting arrested turns out to be harder than he thought.

Written by
O. Henry, the pen name of William Sydney Porter (1862–1910). He lived in New York and wrote hundreds of short stories about its clerks, shop workers, and people down on their luck. His stories are known for their surprise endings.
First printed
In a New York newspaper in 1904, then in his book The Four Million (1906). The title meant the four million ordinary people of New York City, not the few hundred rich families the newspapers usually wrote about. The story is old enough to be free, so all of it is printed here.
Length
About 2,300 words, in 48 paragraphs. That is longer than a test passage, which is 450 to 900 words. The questions work the same way.
Time
About 20 minutes to read, and 30 for the questions.
The places in the story

Madison Square is the park at 23rd Street, where Broadway and Fifth Avenue cross. The Flatiron Building stands across from it.

Blackwell’s Island is the long, narrow island in the East River between Manhattan and Queens. Today it is called Roosevelt Island, and people live there. In 1904 it held the city’s jail and workhouse, and a judge could send a man there for three months for a small offense.

Soapy walks from Madison Square up Broadway, over to Sixth Avenue, through the theater district, and back east toward the square.

About the big words

O. Henry uses long, fancy words on purpose. He describes a homeless man’s plans in the grand language of a rich man’s travels, and the difference is the joke. You do not need every word. The list below has the ones that matter. The test will not use words this rare, but it will ask you to work out a word’s meaning from the sentence around it, which is exactly what you will be doing here.

How to read it

  1. Read it once straight through. Skip any word you do not know and keep going. Just follow Soapy.
  2. Look over the words and places below.
  3. Read it again with a pencil. Number each of Soapy’s attempts to get arrested in the margin.
  4. Then do the questions. Each one names a paragraph. Go back to it before you choose.

Words you will meet

denizensparagraph 2
the people who live in a place
cognizantparagraph 3
aware
a Committee of Ways and Meansparagraph 3
a joke: that is the name of the committee in Congress that plans how to raise money. Soapy is a committee of one, planning how to get through the winter.
rigorparagraph 3
harshness (here, of the winter)
hibernatorialparagraph 4
a made-up word from hibernate, what bears do when they sleep through the winter
Boreasparagraph 4
the north wind, in old Greek stories
bluecoatsparagraph 4
police officers, who wore blue coats
hegiraparagraph 5
a journey away from somewhere
Palm Beach and the Rivieraparagraph 5
warm places, in Florida and in France, where rich people spent the winter
eleemosynaryparagraph 5
run by charity
philanthropyparagraph 5
charity, especially charity given by the rich
encumberedparagraph 5
weighed down; here, it means each gift comes with something you have to give up in return
insolvencyparagraph 6
having no money to pay what you owe
magistrateparagraph 6
a judge in a lower court, who handles small cases
epicureanparagraph 10
having to do with fine food
minionsparagraph 14
servants; here, a joking word for the police
masherparagraph 20
an old word for a man who bothers women on the street
blow me to a pail of sudsparagraph 24
buy me a bucket of beer
disturbed the welkinparagraph 27
made a racket up to the sky. Welkin is an old word for the sky.
Arcadiaparagraph 30
a perfect, peaceful place, from old poems
petit larcenyparagraph 33
small theft
anthemparagraph 40
a song sung in church
immaculateparagraph 41
spotless, perfectly clean

The story

The Cop and the Anthem


1On his bench in Madison Square Soapy moved uneasily. When wild geese honk high of nights, and when women without sealskin coats grow kind to their husbands, and when Soapy moves uneasily on his bench in the park, you may know that winter is near at hand.

2A dead leaf fell in Soapy’s lap. That was Jack Frost’s card. Jack is kind to the regular denizens of Madison Square, and gives fair warning of his annual call. At the corners of four streets he hands his pasteboard to the North Wind, footman of the mansion of All Outdoors, so that the inhabitants thereof may make ready.

3Soapy’s mind became cognizant of the fact that the time had come for him to resolve himself into a singular Committee of Ways and Means to provide against the coming rigor. And therefore he moved uneasily on his bench.

4The hibernatorial ambitions of Soapy were not of the highest. In them there were no considerations of Mediterranean cruises, of soporific Southern skies drifting in the Vesuvian Bay. Three months on the Island was what his soul craved. Three months of assured board and bed and congenial company, safe from Boreas and bluecoats, seemed to Soapy the essence of things desirable.

5For years the hospitable Blackwell’s had been his winter quarters. Just as his more fortunate fellow New Yorkers had bought their tickets to Palm Beach and the Riviera each winter, so Soapy had made his humble arrangements for his annual hegira to the Island. And now the time was come. On the previous night three Sabbath newspapers, distributed beneath his coat, about his ankles and over his lap, had failed to repulse the cold as he slept on his bench near the spurting fountain in the ancient square. So the Island loomed big and timely in Soapy’s mind. He scorned the provisions made in the name of charity for the city’s dependents. In Soapy’s opinion the Law was more benign than Philanthropy. There was an endless round of institutions, municipal and eleemosynary, on which he might set out and receive lodging and food accordant with the simple life. But to one of Soapy’s proud spirit the gifts of charity are encumbered. If not in coin you must pay in humiliation of spirit forevery benefit received at the hands of philanthropy. As Caesar had his Brutus, every bed of charity must have its toll of a bath, every loaf of bread its compensation of a private and personal inquisition. Wherefore it is better to be a guest of the law, which though conducted by rules, does not meddle unduly with a gentleman’s private affairs.

6Soapy, having decided to go to the Island, at once set about accomplishing his desire. There were many easy ways of doing this. The pleasantest was to dine luxuriously at some expensive restaurant; and then, after declaring insolvency, be handed over quietly and without uproar to a policeman. An accommodating magistrate would do the rest.

7Soapy left his bench and strolled out of the square and across the level sea of asphalt, where Broadway and Fifth Avenue flow together. Up Broadway he turned, and halted at a glittering café, where are gathered together nightly the choicest products of the grape, the silkworm and the protoplasm.

8Soapy had confidence in himself from the lowest button of his vest upward. He was shaven, and his coat was decent and his neat black, ready-tied four-in-hand had been presented to him by a lady missionary on Thanksgiving Day. If he could reach a table in the restaurant unsuspected success would be his. The portion of him that would show above the table would raise no doubt in the waiter’s mind. A roasted mallard duck, thought Soapy, would be about the thing—with a bottle of Chablis, and then Camembert, a demi-tasse and a cigar. One dollar for the cigar would be enough. The total would not be so high as to call forth any supreme manifestation of revenge from the café management; and yet the meat would leave him filled and happy for the journey to his winter refuge.

9But as Soapy set foot inside the restaurant door the head waiter’s eye fell upon his frayed trousers and decadent shoes. Strong and ready hands turned him about and conveyed him in silence and haste to the sidewalk and averted the ignoble fate of the menaced mallard.

10Soapy turned off Broadway. It seemed that his route to the coveted island was not to be an epicurean one. Some other way of entering limbo must be thought of.

11At a corner of Sixth Avenue electric lights and cunningly displayed wares behind plate-glass made a shop window conspicuous. Soapy took a cobblestone and dashed it through the glass. People came running around the corner, a policeman in the lead. Soapy stood still, with his hands in his pockets, and smiled at the sight of brass buttons.

12“Where’s the man that done that?” inquired the officer excitedly.

13“Don’t you figure out that I might have had something to do with it?” said Soapy, not without sarcasm, but friendly, as one greets good fortune.

14The policeman’s mind refused to accept Soapy even as a clue. Men who smash windows do not remain to parley with the law’s minions. They take to their heels. The policeman saw a man half way down the block running to catch a car. With drawn club he joined in the pursuit. Soapy, with disgust in his heart, loafed along, twice unsuccessful.

15On the opposite side of the street was a restaurant of no great pretensions. It catered to large appetites and modest purses. Its crockery and atmosphere were thick; its soup and napery thin. Into this place Soapy took his accusive shoes and telltale trousers without challenge. At a table he sat and consumed beefsteak, flapjacks, doughnuts and pie. And then to the waiter he betrayed the fact that the minutest coin and himself were strangers.

16“Now, get busy and call a cop,” said Soapy. “And don’t keep a gentleman waiting.”

17“No cop for youse,” said the waiter, with a voice like butter cakes and an eye like the cherry in a Manhattan cocktail. “Hey, Con!”

18Neatly upon his left ear on the callous pavement two waiters pitched Soapy. He arose, joint by joint, as a carpenter’s rule opens, and beat the dust from his clothes. Arrest seemed but a rosy dream. The Island seemed very far away. A policeman who stood before a drug store two doors away laughed and walked down the street.

19Five blocks Soapy traveled before his courage permitted him to woo capture again. This time the opportunity presented what he fatuously termed to himself a “cinch.” A young woman of a modest and pleasing guise was standing before a show window gazing with sprightly interest at its display of shaving mugs and inkstands, and two yards from the window a large policeman of severe demeanor leaned against a water plug.

20It was Soapy’s design to assume the role of the despicable and execrated “masher.” The refined and elegant appearance of his victim and the contiguity of the conscientious cop encouraged him to believe that he would soon feel the pleasant official clutch upon his arm that would insure his winter quarters on the right little, tight little isle.

21Soapy straightened the lady missionary’s ready-made tie, dragged his shrinking cuffs into the open, set his hat at a killing cant and sidled toward the young woman. He made eyes at her, was taken with sudden coughs and “hems,” smiled, smirked and went brazenly through the impudent and contemptible litany of the “masher.” With half an eye Soapy saw that the policeman was watching him fixedly. The young woman moved away a few steps, and again bestowed her absorbed attention upon the shaving mugs. Soapy followed, boldly stepping to her side, raised his hat and said:

22“Ah there, Bedelia! Don’t you want to come and play in my yard?”

23The policeman was still looking. The persecuted young woman had but to beckon a finger and Soapy would be practically en route for his insular haven. Already he imagined he could feel the cozy warmth of the station-house. The young woman faced him and, stretching out a hand, caught Soapy’s coat sleeve.

24“Sure, Mike,” she said joyfully, “if you’ll blow me to a pail of suds. I’d have spoke to you sooner, but the cop was watching.”

25With the young woman playing the clinging ivy to his oak Soapy walked past the policeman overcome with gloom. He seemed doomed to liberty.

26At the next corner he shook off his companion and ran. He halted in the district where by night are found the lightest streets, hearts, vows and librettos. Women in furs and men in greatcoats moved gaily in the wintry air. A sudden fear seized Soapy that some dreadful enchantment had rendered him immune to arrest. The thought brought a little of panic upon it, and when he came upon another policeman lounging grandly in front of a transplendent theater he caught at the immediate straw of “disorderly conduct.”

27On the sidewalk Soapy began to yell drunken gibberish at the top of his harsh voice. He danced, howled, raved and otherwise disturbed the welkin.

28The policeman twirled his club, turned his back to Soapy and remarked to a citizen.

29“’Tis one of them Yale lads celebratin’ the goose egg they give to the Hartford College. Noisy; but no harm. We’ve instructions to lave them be.”

30Disconsolate, Soapy ceased his unavailing racket. Would never a policeman lay hands on him? In his fancy the Island seemed an unattainable Arcadia. He buttoned his thin coat against the chilling wind.

31In a cigar store he saw a well-dressed man lighting a cigar at a swinging light. His silk umbrella he had set by the door on entering. Soapy stepped inside, secured the umbrella and sauntered off with it slowly. The man at the cigar light followed hastily.

32“My umbrella,” he said, sternly.

33“Oh, is it?” sneered Soapy, adding insult to petit larceny. “Well, why don’t you call a policeman? I took it. Your umbrella! Why don’t you call a cop? There stands one on the corner.”

34The umbrella owner slowed his steps. Soapy did likewise, with a presentiment that luck would again run against him. The policeman looked at the two curiously.

35“Of course,” said the umbrella man—“that is—well, you know how these mistakes occur—I—if it’s your umbrella I hope you’ll excuse me—I picked it up this morning in a restaurant—If you recognize it as yours, why—I hope you’ll—”

36“Of course it’s mine,” said Soapy, viciously.

37The ex-umbrella man retreated. The policeman hurried to assist a tall blonde in an opera cloak across the street in front of a street car that was approaching two blocks away.

38Soapy walked eastward through a street damaged by improvements. He hurled the umbrella wrathfully into an excavation. He muttered against the men who wear helmets and carry clubs. Because he wanted to fall into their clutches, they seemed to regard him as a king who could do no wrong.

39At length Soapy reached one of the avenues to the east where the glitter and turmoil was but faint. He set his face down this toward Madison Square, for the homing instinct survives even when the home is a park bench.

40But on an unusually quiet corner Soapy came to a standstill. Here was an old church, quaint and rambling and gabled. Through one violet-stained window a soft light glowed, where, no doubt, the organist loitered over the keys, making sure of his mastery of the coming Sabbath anthem. For there drifted out to Soapy’s ears sweet music that caught and held him transfixed against the convolutions of the iron fence.

41The moon was above, lustrous and serene; vehicles and pedestrians were few; sparrows twittered sleepily in the eaves—for a little while the scene might have been a country churchyard. And the anthem that the organist played cemented Soapy to the iron fence, for he had known it well in the days when his life contained such things as mothers and roses and ambitions and friends and immaculate thoughts and collars.

42The conjunction of Soapy’s receptive state of mind and the influences about the old church wrought a sudden and wonderful change in his soul. He viewed with swift horror the pit into which he had tumbled, the degraded days, unworthy desires, dead hopes, wrecked faculties and base motives that made up his existence.

43And also in a moment his heart responded thrillingly to this novel mood. An instantaneous and strong impulse moved him to battle with his desperate fate. He would pull himself out of the mire; he would make a man of himself again; he would conquer the evil that had taken possession of him. There was time; he was comparatively young yet; he would resurrect his old eager ambitions and pursue them without faltering. Those solemn but sweet organ notes had set up a revolution in him. To-morrow he would go into the roaring downtown district and find work. A fur importer had once offered him a place as driver. He would find him to-morrow and ask for the position. He would be somebody in the world. He would—

44Soapy felt a hand laid on his arm. He looked quickly around into the broad face of a policeman.

45“What are you doin’ here?” asked the officer.

46“Nothin’,” said Soapy.

47“Then come along,” said the policeman.

48“Three months on the Island,” said the Magistrate in the Police Court the next morning.

Text from The Four Million (1906), as kept by Project Gutenberg, with American spellings and one printer’s error corrected (“be” for “he” in paragraph 15). Paragraph numbers are ours, added so the questions can point to places in the story.

Part 2

Questions like the test’s

Four words the questions use

Irony. When what happens turns out to be the opposite of what was expected. This whole story is built on it: a man tries all night to be arrested and cannot manage it.

Narrator. The voice telling the story. Here the narrator is not a character, but a voice outside the story.

Tone. The attitude a writer takes toward what he is describing: serious, joking, angry, tender. You hear tone in a voice. In writing, you hear it in the words chosen.

Inference. Something the story does not say in plain words, but that you can work out from what it does say.

Fourteen questions, in the kinds the test uses: choose one answer, choose two, choose from a drop-down, and put events in order. Press Check after each one. If you miss, the page tells you why the answer you chose is tempting, and you can try again.

1. Read paragraphs 4 and 5 again. Why does Soapy want to be sent to the Island?

2. Paragraph 5 says: “In Soapy’s opinion the Law was more benign than Philanthropy.” Benign means kind. Philanthropy means charity. Why does Soapy think the law is kinder?

3. In paragraph 5, the narrator calls the jail “the hospitable Blackwell’s” and compares Soapy’s plan to rich New Yorkers buying tickets to Palm Beach and the Riviera for the winter. What is the tone of this passage?

4. In paragraph 9, the head waiter at the fancy café throws Soapy out before he can sit down. What gives Soapy away?

5. In paragraph 14, why does the policeman chase someone else instead of arresting Soapy for breaking the window?

6. Choose the words that best complete the sentence. drop-down

When Soapy approaches the young woman at the shop window (paragraphs 19 to 25), she turns out to be .

7. In paragraph 29, the policeman outside the theater says Soapy is “one of them Yale lads” celebrating a win over another college, and “we’ve instructions to lave them be.” (Lave is how the policeman says “leave.”) What does this show?

8. Read paragraphs 31 to 37. Why does the well-dressed man stop claiming the umbrella?

9. Which two sentences show that Soapy once had a better life? choose two

10. Put Soapy’s attempts in the order he makes them. Choose 1 for the first and 6 for the last. put in order

He eats at a cheap restaurant and says he cannot pay.
He takes a man’s umbrella.
He tries to eat a fancy dinner on Broadway without paying.
He yells and dances outside a theater.
He throws a stone through a shop window.
He bothers a young woman in front of a policeman.

11. In paragraph 38, the narrator says the police “seemed to regard him as a king who could do no wrong.” What does this mean?

12. What happens to Soapy outside the old church (paragraphs 40 to 43)?

13. What makes the ending of the story ironic?

14. Which sentence best states a theme of the story?

Part 3

For talking it over

These have no single right answer. They are for class, or for a friend, or for thinking about on your own. Each one has a hint, folded away, for anyone who wants a place to start.

  1. Soapy would rather go to jail than take charity, because charity makes you “pay in humiliation of spirit” (paragraph 5). Is he right? Have you ever been given help that cost you your pride?
    A place to start

    Think about the places people go for help now: shelters, food pantries, benefits offices. What do they ask of you before they help you?

  2. All night, Soapy breaks the law and is not arrested. Then he stands still, doing nothing, and he is. What is the story saying about who gets seen as a criminal?
    A place to start

    List every person who judges Soapy in the story: waiters, police, the umbrella man. What does each one go by?

  3. The college boys are allowed to make noise. Soapy is not. Does that still happen? Where?
  4. If the policeman had walked by, would Soapy really have gone to the fur importer the next day and asked for the job? What do you believe, and why?
    A place to start

    Look at how quickly the feeling came over him in paragraphs 42 and 43. Does a feeling that fast last? Sometimes it does.

  5. The narrator is always joking, even at the end. Is the story funny, or sad, or both? Did the jokes make you care about Soapy more, or less?
  6. Where would Soapy sleep in New York City today? What would his night look like?
    A place to start

    Madison Square is still there, and so is the island, under a new name.

Part 4

Write about it

Choose one of these and write in the box below. Put the number of the one you chose at the top. For the first two, aim for three or four paragraphs. The box saves your writing as you go, under your code, and you can send it to Myles when it is ready.

  1. 1. The ending

    Explain why the ending of “The Cop and the Anthem” is ironic. Use at least three details from the story, with their paragraph numbers.

    Start by saying in one sentence what Soapy wanted and what he got. Then show, with details, how the night led up to it. End by saying what you think O. Henry wanted readers to see.

  2. 2. Jail or charity

    Soapy says the law treats a man better than charity does. Do you agree or disagree? Use the story and what you know from your own life or from New York today.

    Say where you stand in the first sentence. Give at least two reasons, and for each one give an example. Then say what someone on the other side would argue, and answer them.

  3. 3. Soapy tonight

    Write Soapy’s night in the New York of today. Where does he sleep? What does he try? Who does he meet? Keep his voice, and his pride.

    You can make it funny, as O. Henry did, or not. Give it a real place: a street, a park, a station you know.

☞ The skills in these questions are taught one at a time in the quizzes: Quiz 4, inference; Quiz 7, vocabulary in context; and Quiz 8, connotation and tone. The next story on the shelf is “The Bourgeois King,” in English and Spanish, about a poet put to work in a rich man’s garden.

Answers to Part 2

1 C · 2 A · 3 B · 4 D · 5 B · 6 glad to go, if he buys her a beer · 7 D · 8 A · 9 B and D · 10 (top to bottom) 3, 6, 1, 5, 2, 4 · 11 B · 12 C · 13 B · 14 C