Wood engraving of the interior of the Royal Panopticon of Science and Art, Leicester Square, London, 1854 — a great domed rotunda with tiered galleries and a tall central fountain.

“Das Panoptikon,” Die Gartenlaube, 1854 — the Royal Panopticon of Science and Art, Leicester Square, London. A shilling bought lectures, demonstrations of electricity, and the luminous fountain climbing to the dome. Public domain.

Three-Penny Theater

Where the machines of wonder are switched on. Video and essay, the players and the marvel — watch and read.
The Other Panopticon

Bentham’s “perfect” prison, rebuilt to his own plans — Myles Zhang, for Aeon. The word’s two rooms, side by side: the palace of delight at left, the watching-machine at right. The fable below walks the corridor between them.

Panopticon means all-seeing — after Argus Panoptes, the hundred-eyed giant of the myth. Jeremy Bentham gave the name to a prison: a tower from which every cell could be watched at once, the design that gave surveillance its shape and its word.

But in 1854, London gave the same name to a palace of delight. The Royal Panopticon of Science and Art rose on Leicester Square, and for a shilling the public came in to watch electricity spark and a fountain leap a hundred feet to the dome — the Victorians called it recreational learning. The venture failed in two years and became a music hall; the ground it stood on is a cinema still, the Odeon on Leicester Square.

Forty years later, in New York, Woodville Latham and his sons gave the name a third time — to the first moving pictures ever thrown on an American screen — before rechristening the machine the Eidoloscope, from eidolon: the image, the visible form.

The all-seeing eye, turned inside out — from the watching of the watched, to the people gathered to watch, to the flickering picture itself. Find a seat. Call it three pennies.

· · · · ·

This is the room where The People’s Share keeps its moving pictures and the writing that walks beside them. The Call to the Commons maps the argument; here you meet the living players, and now and then simply marvel at the machines.

The register is deliberately lighter — the history of invention, the wonder of the switched-on device — carried alongside the harder questions rather than in place of them. A movement that only warns will tire the people it needs; one that also delights, that remembers technology was once a marvel the whole street lined up to see, keeps them. Every exhibit pairs something to watch with something to read: word and world, motion and ink.

On the bill

The Builders, and the Broker

Altman, Amodei, Hassabis, Schmidt — four figures shaping what AI becomes, each with an accessible video to meet them by, and a note on where they stand in the argument over who owns the abundance. Take a seat →

Also showing

The Watchers, and the Godfather

Hinton, Gebru, Buolamwini, Raji, Li — the builder who crossed over to warn, the three who caught the machines misreading faces, and the teacher of both the machines and their watchers. Take a seat →

Now playing

The AI Doc: Or How I Became an Apocaloptimist

Daniel Roher and Charlie Tyrell’s documentary — Focus Features, March 2026; Altman, both Amodeis, Hassabis, Bender, Gebru, Bengio, and Diamandis across one screen — built to create what Tristan Harris calls common knowledge: everyone knowing that everyone else knows there’s a problem. It ends with a shrug and a hope, which is honest; the question is what fills the space the shrug leaves open. The film is the first circle, the regulators’ roadmap the second; the ownership argument next door is the third.